OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE FS 304 Reprinted February 1999 Cover Crops for Home Gardens R.L. flowering crab apple. Some selections may have commercial potential for source of food color for anthocyanin content. In fact, some of the best vegetables are produced during the warm days and cool nights of fall. Resistant to spring frosts and the mature fruit is resistant to brown rot. The earliest of the northern types should be well adapted and will fill. Other bountiful berry crops include strawberries, blueberries, Marionberries and … Prunus dulcis (Mill.) Chestnuts or hazelnuts are recommended instead. The 2–3 pound fruit are lightly netted with light ribbin Native from Wyoming to Texas; California and north. Towns in Central Oregon have very Short growing seasons ranging from about 100 days in Madras, 90 days in Redmond, and Prineville, and 80 days in Bend and Tumalo-Sisters. Spinach is a superfood. “Most folks are familiar with and love summer vegetables, but if you want to maximize your food and nutrition, then growing fall crops is a great strategy,” said Weston Miller, a horticulturist with Oregon … Used as rootstock for both sweet and sour cherries. A wider choice of adapted crops is needed to vary crop rotations and to allow production changes as market values change. Prunus munsoniana Wight and Hedr. 18. Early blooming limits apricots to areas where late spring frosts do not occur. cover crops for gardens in Washington and Oregon, west of the Cascades. Trees do not come into bearing for 10 to 15 years. And Zucc. Bananas are native to tropical Asia. More varieties, such as the northern types from China, may do well in the Willamette Valley. K. Koch. Coastal and warmest regions of Oregon—240 to 270 days of growing season. Extension Service. Fruit Cultural Data from the California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. Blooms very early, but survives frost well. American chestnut. Native to eastern Canada and the northeastern mountains of the United States. Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Orchards tend to be located above the valley floors to avoid frosts, which are a frequent hazard at lower elevations. The Tree Fruits and Nuts listing was compiled and written by Kim E. Hummer, Research Leader and Curator, USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon 97333-2521. hummerk@bcc.orst.edu © 2000. Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Surrounding counties in northeastern Oregon produce a number of irrigated field crops in addition to wheat and livestock. Though walnuts survive throughout Oregon the present climate indicates that Oregon is unsuitable for regular commercial production. These fruits are good for the home garden but can't compete with persimmons grown in California. Slugs in the Willamette Valley smiley_faceslug.jpg Slugs are a key pest in many cropping systems in the agriculture-rich Willamette Valley in western Oregon. Western North American species of hazelnut. This species originally native through eastern Europe was brought to America from England. Zone 2. Amazingly, the water-packed watermelon is a drought-tolerant crop. Prepared by Kim E. Hummer, Research Leader and Curator, USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon 97333-2521, hummerk@bcc.orst.edu © 2000. Get daily tips and expert advice to help you take your cooking skills to the next level. The trees thrive in hot valleys and desert regions. Existing Crops Recommended New, Alternate or Underutilized Crops Experimental New Or Alternate Crops Not Recommended. The fruits of this banana are not "eatable." They tolerate a light frost and are hardy to 30°F. Oregon's farms grow some of the best produce in the country. Spinach is one of the most ideal crops that can easily be cultivated in any part of Oregon. The tree is hardy to 0°F but the fruit needs such a long season, it must be grown in a pot to be taken indoors to finish ripening. Rackham and R. McNeilan Cover crops planted in late summer are an inexpensive way to build better soil for gardening. This species has provided a source for a dominant single gene for apple scab resistance. OSU Extension addresses … Can survive in the warmest part of Oregon during most years. Malheur County, Eastern Oregon Produces seed crops, onions, potatoes, sugar beets and other specialty crops. . Good commercial possibility. These plums are more cold hardy, but have smaller more compact trees, smaller leaves, more slender branches, with more clustered infloresences, smaller flowers and smaller fruit than that of P. domestica. Rain at harvest time can cause fruit cracking. Cherries are generally more cold hardy than peaches but less so than plums, pears, or apples. Greenhouse and nursery products are big business in Oregon, ranking No. This zone includes some extensive commercial fruit growing regions of the state. The summer crops had three rates of urea-N treatment: •N No • Intermediate (suboptimal) N—50 lb N/acre for corn and 125 lb N/acre for broccoli • Recommended N—200 lb N/acre for corn and 250 lb N/acre … These environmental conditions add sugar to sweet corn and crispness to carrots. The shorter growing season seems to intensify the flavor of the crops. It is very disease ridden elsewhere. Bears smaller fruit than P. americana but is resistant to brown rot. Willamette Valley and Coastal areas—210 to 240 days of growing season. Has special culture requirements but the fruits of some selections are excellent, even fresh. Susceptible to pseudomonas, especially after winter injury. It has fine quality cabinet-type wood and has good nuts. Sorbus acuparia L. F. edulus edible fruited mountain ash. Peaches and apricots develop high levels of sweetness. Cover crops can be any type of plant but are generally grasses (including cereal grains), This species is one of the parents of the economically important European plum; seedlings of this species are good rootstocks; clones have been selected for ornamentals; fruit is used in native locations for jam. The Willamette Valley produces more than 170 different agricultural commodities including specialty crops (fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, nursery products, and medicinal herbs), grain, hay, grass seed, and more. These pears bloom and grow very early and are subject to early spring frosts, although their maximum mid-winter cold hardiness is greater than that of European pears. Apricots are harvested starting in late spring in warmer areas and through early summer.The most flavorful apricots neither travel nor keep well, so … Most Profitable Crops. NEW CROPS FOR CENTRAL OREGON William M. Murphy INTRODUCTION Central Oregons short growing season with its late spring and summer frosts limits the kinds of crops that can be grown. Prunus serrulata Lindl. They are grains, grasses, or legumes that … Unfortunately, Blue Jays eat the nuts off the tree. Apples come into season mid- to late-summer and are harvested into fall in most apple-growing regions.Look for different varieties from growers near you. Hardy throughout Oregon. The summer trial was planted on 6/6/18 with six replicated treatments: Attack mustard, buckwheat, cow pea, phacelia, sorghum, and sudangrass. Frequently, fruit do not completely ripen because of insufficient summer heat units. An award-winning food writer and cookbook author, Molly Watson has created more than 1,000 recipes focused on local, seasonal ingredients. Nonleguminous cover crops established in late summer and early fall have become increasingly popular in Central Oregon. Natural hybrids between P. cerasifera and P. armeniaca. Ideal garden tree. Japanese flowering cherry, Used as a dwarfing rootstock for peach and other Prunus species. Pomegranates withstand temperatures from 10 to 15°F, but are subject to damage from late spring frosts. Green fruit is damaged at about 28°F. While different farms likely specialize in specific crops, this list is a perfect overview of the vast array of what is available from Oregon farmers. From Alfalfa and Grass, to Small Grains and Forages, to Food Plots and Cover Crop seed! This climate is a land of sunshine having twice the amount of total heat units per year as compared to that in the valley west of the Cascades. almond. Many cultivars of this species have been selected for their ornamental value because they have showy white flowers in spring and small red or yellow fruit in fall. Eastern North American species that has conferred cold hardiness and eastern filbert blight resistance in crosses with the European hazelnut, the nut of commerce. About the OSU Extension Service: The Oregon State University Extension Service shares research-based knowledge with people and communities in Oregon’s 36 counties. The Willamette Valley is a major area for the production of most temperate vegetables, herbs and vegetable seeds. 'Changsha' tangerine, Kahisi Papeda (C. litipes) may be hardy enough for sheltered areas in the Willamette Valley. Production Value: $947.7M. The Willamette Valley and its foothills produce hazelnuts, cherries, and many other fruit crops and ornamental trees. shagbark hickory. The fruit ripen 4 to 7 months after flowering. Summer 55-70 T* Squash, … Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a leafy green flowering plant native to central and western Asia. Can survive in the warmest part of the state at higher elevations. Temperate tree from China. Here are some of the most profitable ones to consider. Needs long, hot, dry summer to mature the nuts and sufficient cold winters to break dormancy. Diseases are a problem when grown in rainy climates such as that of the Willamette Valley. If the temperature reaches 28°F during bloom, flowers will drop off and will not produce fruit. Medium to large tree native to Northeast Asia. The Oregon … These were originally imported by Luther Burbank because of their cold hardiness. Chinese pears are complex hybrids involving this species. “This crop provides many benefits for the home gardener,” said Clare Sullivan, a field crops expert for the Linn, Benton, and Polk county offices of the Oregon State University Extension Service. Minimum temperature: can reach -30 to -40°F. Summers are generally dry although heat units may be insufficient to mature some types of tree fruit crops. Zone 5. Castanea mollissima Blume. Oriental persimmon trees are hardy to 0°F; Rarely fruits in desert climates. The tree will survive temperatures of 20°F. Spring frosts can hit the early crops; fall rains can destroy the fruits. Pinyon pine. Most fruits and nuts produce well although late spring frosts may damage the early blooming or leafing crops. F.) Loud. This species is used as an ornamental street tree in Oregon. Blackberries (Mid to Late Summer) Berries abound from the Willamette Valley to the Cascades, making outdoor adventures even sweeter. Diospyros virginiana L. American persimmon. This climate has high winter humidity which can promote fruit diseases. Improving soil – Poor soil structure can be improved by selecting cover crops that produce large amounts of biomass. Willamette Valley can produce seedless D. virginiana fruit. This is a source of edible pinon nuts. This tree can be grown in the warmest areas of the state. Native on the east coasts of the U. S. from Maine to Delaware. Hardier that Oriental persimmon but has fruit half of the size. The most widely adapted of all temperate zone fruit. shellbark hickory. Bertholletia excelsa Humb. However, a few hobbyists have had limited success. Western Oregon with higher elevations—180 to 210 days of growing season. As in the summer trial, there were additional demonstrations plots planted without replication, including: Anaconda radish, Caliente mustard, buckwheat mixtures, and Saia oats. Fruit has a pleasant flavor but the skin is tough and stringent. (paste) Oroma, Saucy, Halley 3155, Viva Italia, Super Marzano, Macero II, Health Kick. The fires killed at least 11 people, burned more than 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of land, and destroyed thousands of homes. Winters are wet. Juglans regia L. Persian or English walnut. feijoa, pineapple guava. Potential Alternative Crops for Eastern Oregon Stephen Machado Abstract The winter wheat/summer fallow rotation is the most common cropping system in eastern Oregon. Excellent dual purpose for landscape. Small immature nuts are also frost sensitive. D. A. Webb Synonym = Prunus amygdalus Batsch. While the growing season is shorter than in California, the quality for some Oregon produce is considered even higher. Wild goose plum. Plums do best in regions which lack rain and high humidity in summer, which have sufficient winter chilling, and which are not severely cold in winter. The fruits are. Apples and pears can reach perfection here. Fuyu seems to survive the winters but lack of heat in summer prevents the development of good quality fruits. The most economically important plum species in the United States and Europe. This species has a selection that has survived temperatures as low as -20°F. Zone 1. Some common nitrogen-fixing cover crops grown in Oregon are red, crimson and subterranean clover, field pea, common and hairy vetch, and fava bean. Peaches do best in a climate with mild winters and long, hot summers. 1 in the nation for potted florist azaleas. Popular European pome fruit that grows well in the Willamette Valley. This crop is not reliable for commercial production. Pomegranates require long, hot, dry summers to mature sweet fruits. As for the small farmers, this was supposed to be there month to have tons and tons of heat and sun, and make those crops … Pendleton, Oregon has a growing season of 163 days. Listed by product name, this guide outlines the months that each fruit or vegetable is typically grown and harvested from Oregon farms. Better adapted to more rigorous climates. Oregon's climate of warm and dry summers and cool (but not frosty and wet) winters results in happy plants. Malpighia glabra L. acerola, Barbados cherry. (yellow) Jubilee. Freezing temperatures could occur any month of the year. Columbia gorge and milder winter areas—150 to 180 days of growing season. Is eaten fresh, used in desserts, wines and preserves. These plums probably originated in Southwest Asia but have escaped from cultivation and are now found wild throughout Europe. The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool summers. Japanese plums are less cold hardy than European plums. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Growers in these areas describe fruit production as follows: Apples: once every four to five years Pears: once every six years Sour Cherries: most years a partial crop, occasional failure Sweet Cherries: not recommended Peaches: occasional partial crop Wild plums: two out of three years Apricots: not recommended. The 2020 Oregon wildfire season has been one of the most destructive on record in the state of Oregon. While the growing season is shorter than in California, the quality for some Oregon produce is considered even higher. Some selections with fruit over 1 to 1.5 in. Crops like buckwheat or sorghum-sudan are considered summer cover crops, which are used to suppress weeds and “clean” up the soil before planting a cash crop. Prunus mume Sieb. Bush Beans. This tree may have difficulty setting fruit without ample available pear pollen. 80-90 days. Zone 3. Castanea dentata Borkh. Air currents, canyon walls and rock outcroppings can create warmer microclimates imitating zone 2. Slightly less cold hardy than European pears. Timeline. This is a source of edible pinon nuts. The shorter growing season seems to intensify the flavor of the crops. 'Illinois everbearing' has been very reliable in the Willamette valley, producing over a long season. Paul Williams / Funkystock / Getty Images. The summer vegetable crops included in this study were sweet corn and broccoli (Figure 4), planted in alternate years. Rain at bloom time can interfere with pollination. These temperatures can range from -2 to -14°F. Suited to short-season areas and particularly well-adapted to Oregon's cool summer nights, this oval-shaped melon offers up succulent, rich, honey-sweet, lush, orange flesh like no other. Can be grown as a shrub or grafted onto Sorbus to make a tree-rose type standard. “RAIN IN JULY, PUTS SUMMER & CROPS ON THE SLY!! Try planting buckwheat. Clones of this species have resistance to butternut canker. Oregon has about 9,000 acres of European pear production including the summer cultivar 'Bartlett', and the winter pears, 'Bosc', 'Comice', and 'Anjou'. Carya ovata (Mill.) This species has ornamental characteristics. Each season (spring, summer, fall, winter) results in an abundance of fresh produce. Can be propagated by seed best to take root cuttings of desirable trees in autumn. Oregon's climate of warm and dry summers and cool (but not frosty and wet) winters results in happy plants. A number of cultivars have been named and established from this species. Coastal and warmest regions of Oregon—240 to 270 days of growing season. The website also has canning & freezing instructions, related events and fun and listings for every other state and many countries! Chinese chestnut, Most resistant to chestnut blight; most cold hardy; being planted Zones 2, 3, and 4, Corylus americana Marsh American hazelnut. Foliage of this tree provides food for silkworms. These fruits also require long hot summers for fruits to mature. Pears: The pear is one of Oregon's most popular crops, bringing in more than $120 million per year for the state. Interesting dwarf tree. A companion fact sheet, Cover Crops ... for winter cover, but some gardeners also use cover crops as part of a summer rotation. and Frem. Temperate fruit native to the Eastern United States. Subtropical fruit that can tolerate a light frost if protected from wind. Monitor the forecast for a hard freeze. Astringent fruited pears used for the production of an alcoholic beverage called "perry.". Recommended New, Alternate or Underutilized Crops. Fruit quality is better when temperatures are not too hot. Fall Rain and winter freezing are problems in Oregon. Most cultivars are insufficiently cold hardy for Oregon climates. The season is a part of the 2020 Western United States wildfire season. These trees are natives to Tropical America. Requires "bletting" prior to being eaten. Also, since … Native to the southeastern United States. Macadamia tetraphylla L. rough-shell macadamia. Could be planted; chestnut blight is not present in Oregon. Lack of pollinators could be a problem for fruit set. Oregon is one of the top three nursery production states in the U.S. FARM FACT: Ornamental plants and shrubs, shade trees, perennials, and more are part of the nursery … It is late blooming with good disease resistance. Both species establish quickly and have prostrate growth habits that help suppress weeds. Almonds are not recommended for Oregon, commercial production or for the home gardener. Citrus reticulata Blanco tangerine, mandarin. Native to the Mississippi valley. Trees may freeze back once in about 25 years. Oregon State University Commercial Vegetable Production Guides. CORVALLIS, Ore. – Need a summer cover crop to add nutrients to your garden's soil? Lavender. Spring frosts limit their cropping in the Willamette Valley. Grows best in a Mediterranean climate with mild winters. Emergence was less successful in the summer planting than the spring trial, with se… Apples and pears grow well, but almonds and apricots are difficult to grow where spring frosts are frequent or where cold air settles in low valleys. They’re relatively easy to grow and will provide you with a harvest … Pears require a minimum of 600 hours of chilling. It is loaded with tons of nutrients in a low – calorie package. Japanese pears are complex hybrids involving this species. SUMMER RAIN, IN EUGENE, OREGON!” ... it was no fun for University of Oregon coeds, who had to nix the shorts, and haul out the rain boots instead. Secret survival garden staple bush beans are perfect for the summer heat. May survive in the warmest part of Oregon. Hardy to at least -14°F. Japanese chestnut, Less cold hardy than Chinese chestnut; nuts inferior quality used for livestock feed in Japan and S. Korea, Feijoa sellowiana Berg. This is the most northern and most hardy native plum. Apples are more cold hardy than any other fruit tree. Improve your soil with SoilBuilder … This climate has a … Most sweet cherries are not self-fruitful and require a pollinizer. Intergeneric hybrid of pear and mountain ash. Existing Crops Recommended New, Alternate or Underutilized Crops Experimental New Or Alternate Crops … Selections of this speces are used as ornamental street trees. It is very cold hardy and has been used to breed cold hardy apples. Pinus monophylla Torr. Feed your animals and pollinators year-round on our long-lived and nutritious mixes. Heat accumulation increases the sweetness of the fruit.The very earliest low acid types may have possibilities, especially in sheltered areas, such as near buildings. trifoliate orange, Can be grown as ornamental in Oregon where minimum temperature is > -14°F, Native in southern Oregon and Northern California, this plum may be suited to Zone 1, the driest parts of the state. This California native is the major rootstock for the English walnut because of resistance to oak root fungus. We are very proud to offer this very rare, heirloom cantaloupe. You can designate half of your garden space for summer crops such as beans, cucumbers, tomatoes, etc., and then the other half of your garden for cold season crops like carrots, beets, kale, and scallion. Edible fruits approach golfball size. This allows plant to escape dear browsing and makes picking easier. X Sorbopyrus auricularis (Knoop) Schneider sorbopear. Gingko nuts are eaten in China. Fruit plentiful on selected clones grown in the Willamette Valley. Hot summers can cause "double" fruit in the subsequent year. The most agriculturally diverse region in Oregon and perhaps on earth. Make sure you’ve got room to spare for this summer-relevant crop in your garden. Pecans may grow above 1500 ft. elevation but the nuts may not fill completely. Fruit must be very soft when ripe, otherwise they are astringent. This species is the pignolia nut of southern Europe. Brown rot and plum curculio are limiting factors. Slugs are … Musa basjoo Siebold & Zucc. Brazil nut, Castanea crenata Sieb. This zone has striking climatic variations within short distances. This species is native to a large part of eastern United States and Canada. Cannot survive temperatures below 12°F. The trees are hardy to -20°F. Cool, humid coastal districts cause poor, low quality crops. The Willamette Valley is very suitable for hazelnut production. Fruit quality poor to fair. Drainage is important to prevent crown rot oFruit trees. Subtropical fruit. It is used to store winter precipitation and control weeds. Globose 2.5 in diameter fruit ripen in mid-August. Some new selections are as large as D. kaki. Almonds are adapted to areas with warm, dry summers. Summer Vegetables A to C . This native of Australia is hardy to 25°F. Scab, mildew, brown rot of stone fruit can destroy fruit crops at any time. Lavender can be used in just about everything, from food flavoring to medicines to fragrances. This area has a long, frost-free season and winter injury is rare. These trees are selFruitful and can be planted singly. and Zucc. Iinuma banana. Macadamia integrifolia M. & B. Queensland nut, smooth shell macadamia. This native of Brazil could survive in the warmest regions of Oregon. Oregon is the nation's top producer of blackberries, Boysenberries and Loganberries. Native to western Asia in the Caucasus Mountains. It is found on large landmasses, away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50° to 70°N poleward of the humid continental climates.Subarctic … loquat. Japanese butternut, heartnuts. Adapted to most of Oregon but does not do well in low deserts. Malus floribunda Sieb. (cherry type) Oregon Cherry, Gold Nugget, Sweet Million, Cherry Grande, Sun Gold, Early Cherry, Thai Pink, Juliet, Sunsugar, Large German Cherry, Sweet Baby Girl. Graphic credit: Iris Kormann and Andony Melathopoulos. Plantings in Corvallis, with lower heat units than other zones, did not fill. Some large fruited selections perform well. This cropping system, however, destroys soil organic carbon, reduces water infiltration and thus … Apricots are adapted to areas with high summer temperatures and requires 600 to 900 hours of chilling. Almonds are the earliest blooming of all deciduous fruit or nut trees and might be grown where no frosts occur during the bloom period. Juglans sieboldiana Maxim. The tree is ornamental. Native from Idaho to California. Humid summers are undesirable because of brown rot. Zone 4. Scarlet fruit ripen in the fall for use in jams and jellies. Cover crops often are called green manure crops. Early selections do quite well and could be commercial for processing into a pulp for fruit leather or dairy flavorings. Minimum temperatures reach 3°F. Apples: August through November (cold storage until spring), Brussels Sprouts: September through January, Celeriac/Celery Root: August through November, Garlic: August through November (stored year-round), Green Onions/Scallions: spring through fall, Jerusalem Artichokes/Sunchokes: July through October, Onions: June through October (stored in winter), Snap peas/snow peas/pea pods: June and July, Squash (winter): September through February. Figs could be grown by homeowners where temperatures do not drop below 15°F. Oregon is the third-biggest pear producer in the country. This species is known for floriferous ornamental cultivars. Native to China but ornamental selections came to the United States through Japan. While the dominant pest species in field crops is the gray field slug, Deroceras reticulatum Müller, several Arion species can also cause considerable crop damage. As we settle in at the groaning table of summer’s harvest, savvy gardeners pause long enough to consider the coming season. Zone 5. Areas south of Bend to LaPine and at higher elevations have shorter seasons where frosts can occur any day of the year. Northern California black walnut. Japanese apricot. Now grown as a farm or homestead tree. Minimum mid-winter temperatures are seldom a difficulty. Some selections have sweet kernels but have thicker shells than do shagbark hickories. Fruit and Vegetable Seasons of the Pacific Northwest, Washington Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables, New Jersey Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables, A Guide to Maryland's Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables, Connecticut Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables, Pennsylvania Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables, A Monthly Guide to the Northeast's Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables, Rhode Island Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables, New Brunswick Seasonal Fruits and Vegetables.
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